Participle II
General Characteristics
Participle II is a non-finite form of the verb with verbal and
adjectival features. Participle II stands apart from the other non-finites in
that it does not possess their morphological categories. The main meanings of
participle II are those of a state as a result of some action or an action
itself. One of the most essential characteristics of participle II is that when
it is used as part of the sentence, participle II of a transitive verb is
passive in meaning, participle II of an intransitive verb is active.
The Formation of Participle II
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding the suffix-ed
to the infinitive verb without the particle to. Read this suffix as the
suffix-ed last indefinitely regular verbs.
to finish
end-finished finished
to civilize
civilize-civilized civilized
The past participle of irregular verbs is formed mostly by changing the
root vowel or all of the verb stem:
to write writing
- written written
to see to see -
seen seen
to teach teach -
taught by trained
The dictionary after the indefinite form of irregular verbs are usually
given past form indefinitely, and the past participle.
On the Russian language the past participle is usually translated by a
passive participle perfect or imperfect form.
Participles function in a sentence
The past participle can be used in a sentence in the following
functions:
a.
Author of the predicate:
Russia's climate is as varied as her scenery.
Климат
России такой же разнообразный, как и пейзаж.
b.
Definitions:
The Professor did not exaggerate when he spoke of the
widespread Interest excited by His New Psycho-Physiological experiment.
Профессор
не преувеличивал, когда говорил о широко распространившемся интересе, вызванном
его новым психофизиологическим экспериментом.
c.
Circumstances:
When discussed by the meeting the Appeal to All the Women of the World
was adopted by it.
После того, как
«Воззвание ко Всем Женщинам Мира» было обсуждено собранием, оно было принято.
d.
In conjunction with the forms of the auxiliary verb to
be past participle forms the shape of the passive voice:
The flat
of Hercule Poirot was furnished in a modern style.
Квартира Эркюля Пуаро была обставлена в
современном стиле.
e.
In conjunction with the forms of the auxiliary verb to
have past participle forms of perfectly times:
Europe has twice this century been the scene of a destructive war that
has spread to global proportion.
В течение этого
столетия Европа дважды была местом разрушительной войны, которая
распространилась на весь мир.
New exercises:
Advanced level:
No comments:
Post a Comment